2013 Ram 2500: raw data

Every record we hold for this vehicle, as plain tables, with nothing added. The consumer page shows the same records with the maintenance schedule, price ranges and nearby shops around them.

vehicle	2013 / ram / 2500
known issues	6 clusters (reviewed 2026-09-09)
complaints	178 on file (2013-09-24 → 2026-06-04)
recalls	16
investigations	3
fars	170 occupant deaths, crash years 2010-2024 (legacy-code)
indexed	yes
license	CC BY 4.0 (derived)

Known Issues clusters all years →

Body control module door lock malfunctionELECTRICAL SYSTEM11 complaints2016-07 → 2023-10ram-2500-2013-bcm-door-locks

11552925 I own a 2013 Dodge Ram 2500 and the door locks do not lock all the time. The concern here is that when I have children in the truck the child safety locks do not lock and to me this is a concern
11240201 BODY MOUNT CONTROL (BCM) . WHICH CONTROLS THE DOOR LOCKS HAS A HIGH RATE OF FAILURE INCLUDING MY TRUCK. DRIVERS DOOR LOCKS WHEN YOU HIT THE LOCK ON THE KEY FOB. BUT THE PASSENGER, AND BOTH BACK DOORS DO NOT DUE TO A FAULTY BODY MOUNT CONTROL (BCM)
11231386 DRIVER SIDE AND TAIL GATE ARE THE ONLY ITEMS THAT WILL LOCK USING KEY FOB OR DOOR LOCK SWITCH

Unintended vehicle movement while in parkPOWER TRAIN8 complaints2016-08 → 2024-09ram-2500-2013-shift-to-park-rollaway

11616887 The contact stated while the vehicle was turned off and in park(P), the vehicle shifted into reverse after the contact’s son bumped into the column shifter. As a result, the vehicle rolled down hill coming to a complete stop after striking a fence post
11120107 I PUT THE TRUCK INTO PARK AND GOT OUT TO CLOSE THE BARN DOOR. AFTER ABOUT 2 STEPS AWAY FROM THE DRIVER'S DOOR, THE TRUCK STARTED TO ROLL
11063753 BRAKE SHIFT INTERLOCK IS MALFUNCTIONING. VEHICLE SHIFTS OUT OF PARK WITHOUT DEPRESSING BRAKE PEDAL

Delayed throttle response and unexpected accelerationVEHICLE SPEED CONTROL22 complaints2013-12 → 2019-12ram-2500-2013-throttle-response-delay

10605852 THE ELECTRONICALLY CONTROLLED THROTTLE PEDAL HAS A SEVERE DELAY WHEN HAVING TO SUDDENLY LET OFF AT SPEED THEN THE NEED TO RE-APPLY THROTTLE IN AN EMERGENCY SITUATION. THERE IS A DELAY IN UPWARDS OF 1 TO 2 SECONDS BEFORE THE TRUCK RESPONDS TO THROTTLE INPUT
11254487 WHILE DRIVING 55 MPH, THE VEHICLE CRUISE CONTROL ENGAGED WITHOUT WARNING. THE CONTACT DISENGAGED THE CRUISE CONTROL AND THE VEHICLE RETURNED TO NORMAL
10992867 I RECENTLY MERGED ONTO THE HIGHWAY WHERE I LIVE AND I LET OFF THE THROTTLE VERY QUICKLY AND THEN GOT BACK INTO IT AND MY TRUCK DIDN'T ACCELERATE AT ALL FOR A COUPLE SECONDS

Steering and suspension instability ("death wobble")STEERING36 complaints2014-03 → 2020-09ram-2500-2013-steering-death-wobble

11342618 ON THREE SEPARATE OCCASIONS RECENTLY, THE STEERING ON MY 2013 DODGE 2500 EXHIBITED A VIOLENT SHAKING WHEN I HIT A SMALL LINEAR RIDGE ON THE INTERSTATE WHILE TRAVELING AT THE POSTED SPEED LIMIT SUCH AS GOING OVER A BRIDGE OR THE LINE FROM ASPHALT INSTALLED OVER OLD CONCRETE
11291867 STEERING BECAME EXTREMELY LOOSE. IT BECAME SO LOOSE THAT IF I HIT A BUMP I WOULD END UP IN THE NEXT LANE OF TRAFFIC. THE UPPER AND LOWER BALL JOINTS, TIE ROD ENDS, AND THE ENTIRE STEERING LINKAGE WERE REPLACED AND THE PROBLEM DIDNT GET BETTER. I HAD NEARLY 6 INCHES OF PLAY IN
11319642 EXPERIENCING "DEATH WOBBLE" WHEN SPEEDS REACH 50-55MPH WHEN DRIVING ON HIGHWAY

Alternator failure and underhood fireELECTRICAL SYSTEM5 complaints2016-11 → 2021-05ram-2500-2013-alternator-fire

10927007 WHILE DRIVING 35 MPH, THE ALTERNATOR CAUGHT FIRE. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT WAS NOT CALLED AND NO REPORTS WERE FILED. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO A DEALER
11163318 WHILE DRIVING ALTERNATOR STARTED SMELLING AND RAPID CHANGES IN VOLTAGE. WHEN STOPPED AND OPENED HOOD ALTERNATOR WAS SMOKING AND STARTING TO CATCH ON FIRE. TRUCK WAS BEING DRIVEN ON CITY STREET AS WELL AS A HIGHWAY
10938449 THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE HAD A RAPID ALTERNATOR FAILURE DUE TO DIODE THERMAL FATIGUE. IN ADDITION, THE VEHICLE SHUT OFF DUE TO AN UNDERHOOD ELECTRICAL FIRE

Diesel emissions system failure and recall parts delayENGINE, FUEL/PROPULSION SYSTEM23 complaints2014-09 → 2026-03ram-2500-2013-diesel-emissions-recall

11351970 WHILE ON AN INTERSTATE HIGHWAY. MY RAM 2500 EXPERIENCED A IMMEDIATE LOSS OF POWER. CAUSING A NEAR COLLISION FROM FOLLOWING VEHICLES. UPON TAKING IT IN FOR SERVICE .IT WAS FOUND THAT THE DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER HAD EXPLODED AND PLUGED UP THE CATALYTIC FILTER
10750084 THE CONTACT RECEIVED A NOTIFICATION OF NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 14V635000 (ENGINE, ENGINE COOLING, FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL); HOWEVER, THE PART NEEDED WAS NOT AVAILABLE. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE MANUFACTURER EXCEEDED A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF TIME FOR THE RECALL REPAIR
11722441 Jan 8 th had Ram 67A recall performed. Feb1 the EL on dash comes on and def system engine shutdown countdown. Feb 4 brought truck to dealer for service fix. Feb 5 dealer states that truck needs new DEF injector, Wiring harness , and SCR .and covered under the 67A recall warranty

NHTSA complaints (summary) all years →

count	earliest_date	latest_date	crash_flagged	fire_flagged	top_components
178	2013-09-24	2026-06-04	7	7	ENGINE:43; ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:41; STEERING:31; UNKNOWN OR OTHER:23; SUSPENSION:23

Recalls all years →

campaign_number	report_received_date	component	summary	consequence	remedy
18E096000	16/10/2018	STEERING:LINKAGES	Streetcar ORV LLC (Streetcar) is recalling certain American Expedition Vehicles (AEV) 3" Dualsport aftermarket suspension kits, part numbers N0436000 and N0436001, sold for installation on 2013-2018 RAM 2500 and 3500HD trucks. Improper installation and machining of the original equipment steering knuckle may weaken the joint between the steering drag link and knuckle.	The weakened connection may result in a fractured steering drag link, causing a loss of steering and increasing the risk of a crash.	Streetcar will notify owners and dealers will inspect and install a new steering knuckle, free of charge. The recall began December 3, 2018. Owners may contact AEV customer service at 1-248-926-0256, extension 500.
19V347000	09/05/2019	LATCHES/LOCKS/LINKAGES:TAILGATE:LATCH	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks equipped with an 8 foot bed and a power locking tailgate. Chrysler is also recalling all 2013-2014 and 2018 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks built before April 1, 2018 with a 6 or 8 foot bed and a power locking tailgate. On August 29, 2019 Chrysler expanded the recall to include an additional 693,128 model year 2013-2014 Ram 1500, 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks. The tailgate actuator limiter tab may fracture and cause the tailgate to unlatch and open while driving.	If the tailgate opens while the vehicle is being driven, cargo may fall out the vehicle and create a road hazard, increasing the risk of crash.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will repair the tailgate latch, free of charge. The recall began May 23, 2019. Chrysler is expected to notify owners of the expanded population on October 18, 2019. Owners may contact FCA US customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US's number for this recall is V44. Note: 2015-2017 MY Ram 1500 pickup trucks with truck beds other than 8 foot, are currently covered under NHTSA recall 18V-486 for this issue.
17V824000	21/12/2017	EQUIPMENT	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling various Dodge, Chrysler, and RAM vehicles equipped with Kidde Plastic-Handle or Push Button 'Pindicator' Fire Extinguishers. A list of the affected trailer models is available at: https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2017/RMISC-17V824-0103.pdf. These extinguishers may become clogged, preventing the extinguisher from discharging as expected or requiring excessive force to activate the extinguisher. Additionally, in certain models, the nozzle may detach from the valve assembly with enough force that it could cause injury and also render the product inoperable. For a full list of the affected fire extinguisher models visit: https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/rcl/2017/RMISC-17E062-5427.pdf	If the fire extinguisher does not function properly, it can increase the risk of injury in the event of a fire.	Chrysler will notify owners instructing them to contact Kidde for a replacement fire extinguisher, free of charge. The recall began February 14, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403 or Kidde customer service service toll-free at 1-855-262-3540, or online at www.kidde.com and click on "Product Safety Recall" for more information. Chrysler's number for this recall is T82.
17V821000	20/12/2017	POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION:LEVER AND LINKAGE:COLUMN SHIFT	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.	Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.
17V499000	10/08/2017	WHEELS	Streetcar ORV LLC, dba American Expedition Vehicles (AEV) is recalling certain 2013-2017 RAM 2500 and 3500 heavy duty trucks, modified by AEV to be equipped with cast aluminum Katla 8.5" road wheels. The outer surface of the wheel may fracture, resulting in rapid air loss.	If the wheel fractures, a loss of vehicle control can occur, increasing the risk of a crash.	AEV will notify owners, and dealers will replace the wheels with wheels of similar value, free of charge. The recall began on August 30, 2017. Owners may contact AEV customer service at 1-248-926-0256 extension 500.
17V302000	09/05/2017	AIR BAGS	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2013-2016 Ram 1500, Ram 2500, and 2014-2016 Ram 3500 vehicles. Certain driving conditions, such as driving off-road or debris striking the vehicle may cause the roll rate sensor to trigger a fault within the Occupant Restraint Controller (ORC). If this fault occurs, the rollover side curtain air bag and the seat belt pretensioner will be disabled from deploying.	If the rollover side curtain air bags and seat belt pretensioners are disabled, there is an increased risk of injury to the vehicle occupants in the event of a crash that necessitates activation of these safety systems.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the ORC software, free of charge. The recall began June 26, 2017. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T25.
17V562000	12/09/2017	ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:DIESEL	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2013-2017 RAM 2500, 3500, 3500 Cab Chassis, 4500 Cab Chassis, and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, equipped with Cummins 6.7L Turbo Diesel engines that have Concentric-brand water pumps without a vent hole. These water pumps may leak coolant.	The leaking water pump can increase the risk of an engine compartment fire.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the water pumps, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T51.
16V739000	13/10/2016	ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:ALTERNATOR/GENERATOR/REGULATOR	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2011-2014 Dodge Charger Police vehicles, 2007-2013 RAM 3500 Cab Chassis, 2008-2013 RAM 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis, and 2013 RAM 2500 and 3500 vehicles. The affected vehicles have a 220 amp alternator that may suddenly fail.	If the alternator fails, the vehicle may stall without warning, increasing the risk of a crash. There is also the possibility that the alternator may short circuit, increasing the risk of a fire.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the alternator with a revised alternator, free of charge. The recall began on December 23, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S68.
15V459000	22/07/2015	AIR BAGS:FRONTAL	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2012-2014 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured January 18, 2011, to October 7, 2014, and equipped with the Electronic Vehicle Information Center option. The affected vehicles have a steering wheel wiring harness that may rub against the driver air bag module retainer spring.	This abrasion may result in an electrical short that could cause driver's frontal air bag to unexpectedly deploy. Inadvertent deployment of the air bag may increase the risk of injury and the possibility of a vehicle crash.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will inspect, repair as necessary, and secure the steering wheel wiring harness. Additionally, protective caps will be added to the air bag retainer spring ends. These repairs will be done free of charge. The recall began on September 18, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R36.
16E041000	16/05/2016	EQUIPMENT	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling aftermarket Mopar Canvas Seat Covers for certain 2012-2016 RAM 1500, 2500, and 3500 trucks. These Mopar canvas seat covers were sold through Chrysler dealerships beginning October 15, 2015. The seat covers can impede the deployment of the seat thorax airbags.	If the seat cover impedes the air bag deployment, the seat thorax air bags may not provide adequate protection in the event of a crash, increasing the risk of a injury.	Chrysler will notify owners to remove the front seat covers and return them for a full refund. The recall began on July 1, 2016. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is S30.
15V460000	22/07/2015	SEAT BELTS	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Ram 1500, 2500, and 3500 trucks manufactured June 20, 2012, to January 26, 2015. In the affected vehicles, the side impact sensor calibrations may be overly sensitive, and as a result, the side air bag inflatable curtains and seat air bags may unexpectedly deploy and the seat belt pre-tensioners may activate.	Air bags that unexpectedly deploy increase the risk of a crash or injury.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the Occupant Restraint Control module calibration, free of charge. The recall began on September 8, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R23.
15V461000	23/07/2015	EQUIPMENT:ELECTRICAL:RADIO/TAPE DECK/CD ETC.	Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain model year 2013-2015 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500, 2015 Chrysler 200, Chrysler 300, Dodge Charger, and Dodge Challenger, 2014-2015 Jeep Grand Cherokee, Cherokee, and Dodge Durango, and 2013-2015 Dodge Viper vehicles. The affected vehicles are equipped with radios that have software vulnerabilities that can allow third-party access to certain networked vehicle control systems.	Exploitation of the software vulnerability may result in unauthorized remote modification and control of certain vehicle systems, increasing the risk of a crash.	Chrysler will notify and mail affected owners a USB drive that includes a software update that eliminates the vulnerability, free of charge. Optionally, owners may download the update to their own USB drive from http://www.driveuconnect.com/software-update/ or take their vehicle to a Chrysler dealer for immediate installation. In an effort to mitigate the effects of this security vulnerability, Chrysler has had the wireless service provider close the open cellular connection to the vehicle that provided unauthorized access to the vehicle network. This measure may not have been implemented on all vehicles and does not address access by other means that will be remedied by the software update. The recall began on August 25, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is R40.
14V635000	08/10/2014	ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING:ENGINE:DIESEL	Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2010-2014 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks manufactured March 27, 2009, to September 5, 2013. In the affected vehicles, the electrical connectors of the diesel fuel heater may overheat.	If the connectors overheat, the fuel heater may leak fuel, increasing the risk of a fire.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the harness side connector with a silver plated beryllium copper terminal service kit, and inspect the fuel heater for leaks, replacing it as necessary, free of charge. Chrysler issued interim notification to owners on December 8, 2014. The recall began on April 27, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is P65.
13V237000	04/06/2013	EXTERIOR LIGHTING:TURN SIGNAL	Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2013 Ram 1500, 2500, and 3500 trucks manufactured September 9, 2012, through March 5, 2013 and equipped with optional premium tail lamps. In the affected vehicles, the turn signal indicator may not flash at a double rate to give a notification to the driver of a turn signal malfunction. Thus, these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."	Without a warning that the turn signal is malfunctioning, the driver would continue to use the vehicle, unaware that other drivers on the road are not being notified that the vehicle is turning, increasing the risk of a crash.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will reprogram the Central Body Controller software, free of charge. The recall began June 27, 2013. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N35.
13V240000	04/06/2013	EXTERIOR LIGHTING:HEADLIGHTS	Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2013 Ram 2500 and 3500 trucks manufactured January 7, 2013, through February 28, 2013 and equipped with optional premium headlamps. The headlamp shutters may function improperly when in high-beam mode. Thus, these vehicles fail to conform to the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 108, "Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment."	Improper headlight shutter function during high beam use may reduce the drivers visibility and possibly blind oncoming traffic. Either condition may increase the risk of crash.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will reconfigure the Central Body Controller, free of charge. The recall began July 30, 2013. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N33.
13V122000	03/04/2013	ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING	Chrysler Group LLC (Chrysler) is recalling certain model year 2013 Dodge Ram 2500 and 3500 trucks manufactured January 7, 2013, through March 6, 2013. The engine cover may trap an excessive amount of heat under the cover.	The excessive heat under the engine cover may result in an under hood fire.	Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will replace the existing engine cover with one that is a different design, free of charge. An interim letter was mailed on May 31, 2013. A second letter was mailed to owners with instructions on how to obtain the free remedy on August 15, 2013. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N19.

Investigations all years →

action_number	status	subject	components	opened	closed	recall_campaign	summary
RQ25003	open	Post Recall Remedy Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) Failure	POWER TRAIN:AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION	2025-07-03	·	·	The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 14 Vehicle Owner Questionnaire (VOQ) reports and 6 EWR Death & Injury (D&I) reports describing post recall remedy failures of the brake transmission shift interlock (BTSI) system in certain Model Year (MY) 2013-2018 RAM pickup trucks.The subject vehicle models include 1500, 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 trucks equipped with a column mounted shift lever.The failures of the BTSI described in the VOQs occurred on vehicles that had all previously been repaired under recall 17V-821 or 18V-100.Both recalls address a potential condition which can cause the BTSI locking pin to become stuck allowing the transmission to be shifted out of Park without depressing the brake pedal and/or without having a key in the ignition.Shifting the transmission out of Park when not having the brake pedal depressed can result in a vehicle rollaway. ODI is opening this Recall Query (RQ) to review the effectiveness of the 17V-821 and 18V-100 recall remedies, understand the root cause of additional vehicle rollaway incidents, and identify any other possible root cause that may affect the performance of the BTSI system. To review the ODI reports cited in the Opening Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.
PE18016	closed	Steering loss due to linkage separation	STEERING:LINKAGES:DRAG:LINK:CONNECTION	2018-12-17	2019-12-12	19V021000	On December 17, 2018, NHTSA's Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Preliminary Evaluation (PE) 18-016 to investigate the steering system on model year (MY) 2015 and 2016 Ram 2500 manufactured by FCA US, LLC (FCA). Four complaints were received alleging separation of the drag link, a steering linkage that connects between the right front steering knuckle and the pitman arm on the steering box output shaft. The failures were found to be at a threaded coupler within the drag link used for adjusting the length of the linkage during routine maintenance (alignment) of the steering system.Onc
RQ15004	closed	Software security vulnerability	ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:SOFTWARE	2015-07-24	2016-01-05	15V508000	On July 23, 2015, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) launched Safety Recall 15V-461 to remedy security vulnerabilities in approximately 1.4 million model year (MY) 2013 through 2015 vehicles equipped with Uconnect head units (HU) 8.4A (RA3 radio) and 8.4AN (RA4 radio) manufactured by Harman International.On July 24, 2015, the Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened Recall Query, RQ 15-004, to investigate HU security vulnerabilities and remedy effectiveness in the recalled population and to determine whether similar units have been supplied for use in other FCA vehicles.In an August 11, 2015

FARS occupant deaths all years →

crash_years	occupant_deaths	match_type	vpic_recovered
2010-2024	170	legacy-code	0

FARS counts every occupant death in a fatal crash, whatever the cause — it does not mean the vehicle was at fault or defective. Counts are not adjusted for how many of each vehicle are on the road.

Cite this

Derived data is CC BY 4.0. Link back to the page you used. Text and BibTeX below.

Wrench.Pro (2026). 2013 Ram 2500 vehicle data [dataset]. https://www.wrench.pro/data/vehicles/2013/ram/2500

@misc{wrenchpro_2013_ram_2500_2026,
  author = {Wrench.Pro},
  title = {Wrench.Pro vehicle data: 2013 Ram 2500},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.wrench.pro/data/vehicles/2013/ram/2500}},
  note = {Derived from NHTSA public records. CC BY 4.0.}
}

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