2022 Ram 1500: raw data

Every record we hold for this vehicle, as plain tables, with nothing added. The consumer page shows the same records with the maintenance schedule, price ranges and nearby shops around them.

vehicle2022 / ram / 1500
known issues7 clusters (reviewed 2026-06-14)
complaints607 on file (2021-12-07 → 2026-09-09)
recalls16
investigations2
fars66 occupant deaths, crash years 2010-2024 (legacy-code)
indexedyes
licenseCC BY 4.0 (derived)

Known Issues clusters all years →

Engine stall with automatic park and parking-brake engagementPOWER TRAIN, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM, ENGINE58 complaints2025-04 → 2026-05 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-etorque-stall-auto-park
  • 11731029 Turning left from a stop sign, engine turned off in the middle of the intersection and parking brake was automatically applied. max speed achieved approximately 5mph. Red Battery dash light was illuminated. Dash instructions were to press brake pedal and push park brake…
  • 11729910 I was driving my Ram 1500 5.7L eTorque this morning (2022, ~36k miles). About 10 minutes in, I was stopped at a light and the truck shut down completely (engine, electric, etc.) There was no prior notice, nor was it having problems.…
  • 11716874 We have had this truck since August 2025, the engine has stalled while driving numerous times since we have had it. This happens randomly and unexpectedly, the vehicle loses power and stalls, shifts itself back into park and engages the emergency break.…
  • 11659038 The engine stalls, shifts to park and applies the parking brake. Sometimes it is at a stop and others it is under 10mph. It has been happening over the las few months and our dealer can't seem to repair it.
Motor generator unit / 48V eTorque component failure and parts backorderELECTRICAL SYSTEM12 complaints2025-05 → 2026-05 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-mgu-etorque-generator-failure
  • 11737426 The check engine light and the battery warning lights came on. Took it to the dealership and they diagnosed the problem to be the MOTOR GENERATING UNIT (MGU). This is a known problem with the ram truck. The parts to fix it are on back order at a minimum of 45 days.
  • 11725441 This is in regards to well known issue with the E-Torque MGU generator equipped on this vehicle. The internal bearing is failing causing a whining and grinding sound and results in a loss of electrical power that causes the vehicle to stall and not restart when the auto…
  • 11733358 The contact owns a 2022 Ram 1500. The contact stated that the engine and battery warning lights were illuminated. The vehicle lost automotive power while driving at various speeds. The vehicle was taken to the local dealer, where it was diagnosed and it was determined that the…
Loss of electric power steering assistSTEERING18 complaints2025-04 → 2026-06 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-electric-power-steering-loss
  • 11716000 I experienced a sudden loss of power steering at 75 miles per hour on the freeway. This created an immediate safety hazard. I am requesting manufacturer goodwill repair assistance and for the dealer to open a safety case
  • 11712067 The contact owns a 2022 Ram 1500. The contact stated that while driving 70 MPH on the highway, the power steering warning light illuminated, and the vehicle lost power steering functionality. The contact pulled over to the right side of the road and waited for tow truck…
  • 11662259 The electric power steering will stop working while driving. The power steering warning light will come on and spotentially causing intermittent and complete loss of power steering assist. At times I am unable to move the steering wheel and control the direction of the Ram 1500.…
Heater core failure with coolant odor in cabinENGINE5 complaints2026-03 → 2026-05 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-heater-core-coolant-odor
  • 11724856 SMELL OF COOLANT THROUGH OUT THE CAB OF THE TRUCK. TOOK THE VEHICLE TO THE REPAIR SHOP AND AFTER A PRESSURE TEST WAS CONDUCTED, IT WAS FOUND TO BE A BAD HEATER CORE. APPARENTLY THIS IS A KNOWN ISSUE AND HAS BEEN WIDELY REPORTED. THE TRUCK ONLY HAS 40,000 MILES AND HAS BEEN…
  • 11735524 The vehicle appears to have common issue of heater core going out and leaking coolant, causing poisonous fume to be pushed through the ventilation system causing respiratory issues. During my research i noticed this is common and a costly issue which many drivers complain about…
Uconnect screen and backup camera blackoutELECTRICAL SYSTEM18 complaints2025-06 → 2026-04 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-uconnect-infotainment-backup-camera
  • 11719638 Black screens, freezes, and reboots Backup camera not displaying These require a complete reset of the uconnect to get the screen and cameras back. Rear collision is immanent without cameras
  • 11723208 There is a known issue with the Ram infotainment Uconnect systems. The 2022 Ram 1500 frequently experiences infotainment issues involving its Uconnect 5 system, characterized by loud buzzing or popping noises, "screen bouncing" (glitchy movement or flickering), and spontaneous…
  • 11716429 My 2022 Ram 1500 TRX has recurring safety-related failures of the infotainment system affecting both Uconnect 5 (12” screen) and earlier Uconnect 4 units. These issues are widespread in 2021–2024 Ram TRX and Ram 1500 models and began or worsened after forced over-the-air…
Sun visor detachment obstructing viewVISIBILITY/WIPER8 complaints2025-06 → 2026-05 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-sun-visor-detachment
  • 11665864 On separate occasions, both the driver and passenger side visors spontaneously detached and fell into the line of sight while driving. In the case of the driver side visor, I was traveling on the interstate at approximately 75 mph when the visor failed and fell into my light…
  • 11721596 Drivers side visor plastic mount broke while attempting to adjust the visor while driving on the turnpike. Visor was impeding visibility and could not be removed due to the electrical components. Also could not pull over to remove because specialty torx screwdriver required…
  • 11737054 The visors on both sides will just detach and unexpectedly fall from the roof of the truck while you are driving. They are fairly big and when they detach and fall it poses a risk of crashing. I have researched this and it seems to be a problem with many Ram trucks.…
Front suspension ball joint / control arm separationSUSPENSION5 complaints2025-06 → 2026-03 (sample of 200 most-recent of 570 total)1500-2022-front-suspension-ball-joint
  • 11723483 The contact owns a 2022 Ram 1500. The contact stated that while driving approximately 15 MPH and approaching a speed hump, the driver's side front wheel detached at the ball joint, disabling the vehicle. The vehicle was towed by AAA to a certified mechanic.…
  • 11727926 The contact owns a 2022 Ram 1500. The contact stated that while making a left turn out of the driveway, there was a clunking sound coming from the front passenger’s side of the vehicle, and the vehicle failed to steer or turn properly.…

NHTSA complaints (summary) all years →

countearliest_datelatest_datecrash_flaggedfire_flaggedtop_components
6072021-12-072026-09-09236ENGINE:244; ELECTRICAL SYSTEM:187; POWER TRAIN:101; UNKNOWN OR OTHER:90; SERVICE BRAKES:70

Recalls all years →

campaign_numberreport_received_datecomponentsummaryconsequenceremedy
21V87100010/11/2021VISIBILITY:DEFROSTER/DEFOGGER/HVAC SYSTEM:WINDSHIELD:ELECTRICAL HEATING ELEMENTChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022 Ram 1500 vehicles. These vehicles may have been built with incompatible heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC), resulting in the windshield defrosting and defogging system being inoperable to drivers. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 103, "Windshield Defrosting and Defogging Systems."An inoperable defrosting and defogging system can reduce visibility for drivers in certain conditions, increasing the risk of a crash.FCA US, LLC will repurchase the affected vehicles, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed November 22, 2021. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is Y88.
22V40700009/06/2022BACK OVER PREVENTION:DISPLAY FUNCTIONChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022 Ram 1500, 2500 pickup trucks, and 3500 Cab Chassis vehicles with GVWR less than 10,000 lbs. The radio software may prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."A rearview camera that does not display an image reduces the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will reprogram the radio software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed July 5, 2022. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLS's number for this recall is Z47.
22V76600013/10/2022SEAT BELTS:PRETENSIONERChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022 Ram 1500, Jeep Gladiator, and 2021 Jeep Wrangler vehicles. The front seat belt retractors may have an improperly welded micro gas generator, which can result in seat belt pretensioner failure.A seat belt with pretensioner failure may not properly restrain an occupant during a crash, increasing the risk of injury.Dealers will replace the front seat belt retractors. free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 8, 2022. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is Z95.
22V76700013/10/2022FUEL SYSTEM, GASOLINE:DELIVERY:FUEL PUMPChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2020-2022 Jeep Wrangler, Ram 1500, and 2021-2022 Jeep Gladiator vehicles equipped with 3.0L diesel engines. The high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) may fail, causing an engine stall.An engine stall can increase the risk of a crash.Dealers will replace the HPFP and inspect and replace additional fuel system components, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 17, 2023. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is Z96.
22V90400008/12/2022STRUCTURE:BODY:TAILGATE:HINGE AND ATTACHMENTSChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2019-2022 Ram 1500, 2500, and 3500 pickup trucks. The tailgate may not latch properly due to misaligned tailgate strikers, which could result in the tailgate opening while driving.An unintended tailgate opening while driving may result in a loss of unsecured cargo, possibly creating a road hazard and increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will inspect the tailgate striker alignment to the box latch and adjust, if necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 22, 2022. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is ZB8.
23V05900009/02/2023BACK OVER PREVENTION:DISPLAY FUNCTIONChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Ram 1500 and 2023 Ram 2500 vehicles. The trailer reverse steering control module (TRSCM) may prevent the rearview image from displaying when the vehicle is placed in reverse. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."A rearview image that does not display while in reverse decreases the driver's visibility of the rear view, increasing the risk of injury or crash.Dealers will update the TRSCM software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed March 1, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 14A. This recall supersedes and expands previous recall numbers 21V-438 and 21V-918. FCA US Recall ID 63A is a vehicle population expansion of FCA US Recall ID 14A (NHTSA Recall ID 23V-059).
23V26300013/04/2023FUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL:DELIVERY:FUEL PUMPChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2021-2023 Jeep Wrangler, Gladiator, and 2022-2023 Ram 1500 vehicles equipped with a 3.0L diesel engine. The high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) may fail.Fuel pump failure can result in an engine stall, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will replace the HPFP and replace additional fuel system components, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 17, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 01A.
23V26400013/04/2023AIR BAGS:SENSOR:SIDE IMPACTChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022 Ram 1500 vehicles. The B-pillar impact sensors may be missing, which can result in delayed air bag deployment or non-deployment.Air bags that do not deploy as intended increase the risk of injury in a crash.Dealers will inspect and, if necessary, install the B-pillar impact sensors, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed May 4, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 33A.
23V65400028/09/2023BACK OVER PREVENTION:DISPLAY FUNCTIONChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2022-2023 Ram 1500, Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with GVWR less than 10,000 lbs., and 2022-2024 Ram 2500 vehicles. The radio software may prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."A rearview camera that does not display an image reduces the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will update the radio software, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed October 24, 2023. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 97A.
24V43700013/06/2024BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERAChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling one 2022 Ram 1500 Classic vehicle. The wiring harness may short circuit and prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, this vehicle fails to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."A rearview camera image that does not display decreases the driver's visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will replace the wiring harness, free of charge. The vehicle has been remedied. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 65B.
24V43600013/06/2024BACK OVER PREVENTION: SENSING SYSTEM: CAMERAChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2021-2022 Dodge Durango, 2021-2023 Chrysler Pacifica, Jeep Grand Cherokee L, 2022 Ram 1500, 2500, 3500, Chrysler Voyager, 2022-2023 Jeep Compass, Grand Cherokee, Wagoneer, Grand Wagoneer, and Ram Promaster vehicles. The radio software may prevent the rearview image from displaying. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."A rearview camera image that does not display decreases the driver's visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will update the radio software or the software will be OTA, "Over-The-Air," free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed beginning July 9, 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's numbers for this recall are 66B and 79B.
24V65300005/09/2024SERVICE BRAKES, HYDRAULIC:ANTILOCK/TRACTION CONTROL/ELECTRONIC LIMITED SLIP:CONTROL UNIT/MODULEChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2019, 2021-2024 Ram 1500 vehicles. Due to a software malfunction, the anti-lock brake system (ABS) control module may disable the electronic stability control system. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 126, "Electronic Stability Control Systems."Driving with a disabled electronic stability control system can increase the risk of a crash.Dealers will update the ABS control module software, free of charge. Interim notification letters, notifying owners of the safety risk, were mailed October 10, 2024. Owner notification letters were mailed beginning September 26, 2024. Owners may contact FCA US, LLC customer service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA US, LLC's number for this recall is 85B.
24V75400010/10/2024VISIBILITY:REARVIEW MIRRORS/DEVICESChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2020-2023 Ram 1500 Classic vehicles equipped with heated trailer tow rearview mirrors. The mirror glass may detach from the driver's side heated trailer tow rearview mirror. As such these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 111, "Rear Visibility."Detached mirror glass can reduce driver visibility, increasing the risk of a crash.Dealers will replace the mirror glass, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 5, 2024. Owners may contact FCA Customer Service at 1-800-853-1403. FCA's number for this recall is 86B.
25V29800008/05/2025AIR BAGSChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2019-2024 Ram 1500 vehicles. The driver's side air bag may not be connected properly, which can cause the air bag not to deploy as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."A driver's side air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury in a crash.Dealers secured the connectors for the air bag, free of charge. All vehicles have been remedied. Owner notification letters were mailed May 27, 2025. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is 08C.
25V76500006/11/2025AIR BAGS:FRONTALChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2021-2022 Ram 1500, Ram 2500, Ram 3500, Ram 4500, and Ram 5500 vehicles. The steering column control module may cause the driver's side air bag not to deploy as intended. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 208, "Occupant Crash Protection."A driver's side air bag that does not deploy as intended increases the risk of injury in a crash.Dealers will replace the steering column control module, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed beginning December 11, 2025. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is 14C. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning November 13, 2025.
26V49500030/07/2026SEAT BELTS:REAR/OTHER:ANCHORAGEChrysler (FCA US, LLC) is recalling certain 2019-2026 Ram 1500 vehicles. The second-row center and left-side seat belt buckle anchors may have been improperly installed. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard number 210, "Seat Belt Assembly Anchorages."An improperly installed seat belt buckle anchor may fail to properly restrain occupants, increasing the risk of injury during a crash.Dealers will inspect and attach the seat belt buckle anchor to the body structure as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters are expected to be mailed August 18, 2026. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is 67D. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov on August 6, 2026.

Investigations all years →

action_numberstatussubjectcomponentsopenedclosedrecall_campaignsummary
EA23001openHigh pressure fuel pump failureFUEL SYSTEM, DIESEL:DELIVERY:FUEL PUMP2023-03-17·24V957The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened PE21-021 on October 14, 2021, to investigate incidents alleging a stall/loss of motive power as a result of high-pressure fuel pump failures in certain model year (MY) 2019-2020 Ram 2500, 3500, 4500, and 5500 heavy duty trucks equipped with 6.7L Cummins turbodiesel engines. During the investigation, ODI sought to determine if the related defect allegation was limited in scope to the recalled population. After review of information request response materials from both FCA and BMW, NHTSA determined that sufficient information to identify a comprehensive recall population could not be produced by FCA and BMW.During the investigation FCA filed recalls 22V406, 22E048, 22V767, and 22E087 which include vehicles not identified in the initial subject population by ODI. ODI also received recall 21V586, involving loss of motive power due to failed CP4 fuel pumps on certain BMW manufactured vehicles. An information request letter response received from BMW indicated that failed pumps on their vehicles were caused by an interaction between pump internal components and US market diesel fuel, leading to increased slip and eventual particle-generating wear surface. Additional work will be done to identify whether a similar root cause is associated with the FCA recalled population and if similar wear dynamics occur on pumps supplied to vehicle manufacturers other than those included in the recalled population.ODI has upgraded this investigation to an EA in order to 1) determine engineering specifications of internal pump components that are correlated with pump failure leading to loss of motive power or other safety related hazards, 2) identify vehicle populations equipped with alleged defective pump variants, 3) assess if vehicles equipped with alleged defective pump variants result in an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety and 4) gather and review any other relevant information related to high pressure fuel pump failure associated with the subject populations of recalls 21V586, 21V880, 21E094, 22V406, 22E048, 22V767, and 22E087.Review of the above information will allow NHTSA to confirm root cause and recall remedy viability, and identify and evaluate vehicle populations equipped with pump components that may pose an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety.The ODI reports cited above can be reviewed at: http://www-odi.nhtsa.dot.gov/owners/SearchNHTSAID using the following complaint identification numbers: 11257550, 11351441, 11361603, 11361616, 11365300, 11365426, 11365858, 11366401, 11372337, 11373793, 11374797, 11376793, 11377871, 11378173, 11384377, 11386063, 11387018, 11399710, 11402550, 11415339, 11418868, 11418870, 11427075, 11434276, 11436807, 11437226, 11437249, 11437273, 11437292, 11437294, 11437394, 11437399, 11437403, 11437405, 11437423, 11437528, 11437565, 11437579, 11437580, 11437590, 11437679, 11437744, 11437781, 11437842, 11437993, 11438006, 11438008, 11438121, 11438138, 11438155, 11438392, 11438629, 11439359, 11439879, 11440397, 11443030, 11446542, 11448163, 11453556, 11458918, 11460558, 11469337
PE24018openEngine Stall With Intermittent RestartELECTRICAL SYSTEM:12V/24V/48V BATTERY2024-07-19··The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) has received 80 consumer complaints alleging an engine stall and loss of motive power on model year (MY) 2022 RAM 1500 pickup trucks and 2022 Jeep Wagoneer SUV vehicles. The particular engines in the subject vehicles are equipped with the Fiat Chrysler Automotive Group LLC (FCA) 5.7L Hemi eTorque system. The eTorque system is a mild hybrid system that lets the vehicle partially power itself. It accomplishes this by converting the captured energy from the braking system into electricity for the battery pack, which is then used to power a variety of electrical components. ETorque engines replace the alternator with a 48-volt battery-powered belt drive and a motor generator. The motor generator provides extra torque to the crankshaft during gear changes. Simultaneously, the motor generator uses the 48-volt battery pack to increase torque. Many of the complaints state that the vehicle's engine would shut off, often while travelling at slow speed, the vehicle would shift into park and apply the emergency brake. The vehicles were sometimes able to be restarted. In addition, complaints state that the malfunction warning light with the battery fault symbol appeared on the dash.  Many complaints state that a low voltage condition fault is present, sometimes not being able to restart the vehicle. On April 13, 2023, FCA announced recall 23V-265 describing a defect in certain 2021 Ram 1500 vehicles equipped with 5.7L eTorque engines.  The recall described a defect in the powertrain control module software can cause an incorrect fuel mixture condition in the engine, and result in an engine stall. In February of 2024, ODI provided the complaints on the 2022 Ram 1500 and Wagoneer vehicles to FCA. After reviewing the complaints, FCA stated that “the loss of motive power was likely not caused by an over rich fuel condition (as outlined in recall 23V-265), but rather some other cause (e.g., an electrical concern that causes the engine to shut down).” A Preliminary Evaluation has been opened to assess the scope, frequency, root cause(s) and consequences of these loss/stall of motive power incidents.  Additionally, ODI may expand the scope of the subject population during the investigation, if needed. To review the ODI reports cited in the Opening Resume ODI Report Identification Number document, go to NHTSA.gov.

FARS occupant deaths all years →

crash_yearsoccupant_deathsmatch_typevpic_recovered
2010-202466legacy-code0

FARS counts every occupant death in a fatal crash, whatever the cause — it does not mean the vehicle was at fault or defective. Counts are not adjusted for how many of each vehicle are on the road.

Cite this

Derived data is CC BY 4.0. Link back to the page you used. Text and BibTeX below.

Wrench.Pro (2026). 2022 Ram 1500 vehicle data [dataset]. https://www.wrench.pro/data/vehicles/2022/ram/1500
@misc{wrenchpro_2022_ram_1500_2026,
  author = {Wrench.Pro},
  title = {Wrench.Pro vehicle data: 2022 Ram 1500},
  year = {2026},
  howpublished = {\url{https://www.wrench.pro/data/vehicles/2022/ram/1500}},
  note = {Derived from NHTSA public records. CC BY 4.0.}
}

hub · known-issues · methodology · license · research (interpretation)